Dinosauri ni imwe mu moko ashimishije cyane mu mateka y’ubwihindurize bw’ibinyabuzima ku Isi. Twese tuzi neza dinosaur. Dinosauri zasaga gute, Dinosauri zaryaga iki, Dinosauri zahigaga gute, Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’ibidukikije Dinosauri zabagamo, ndetse n’impamvu Dinosauri zarazimiye… Ndetse n’abantu basanzwe bashobora gusobanura ibibazo nk’ibyo kuri Dinosauri mu buryo bwumvikana kandi busobanutse. Tumaze kumenya byinshi kuri Dinosauri, ariko hari ikibazo kimwe abantu benshi bashobora kutasobanukirwa cyangwa ngo batekerezeho: Dinosauri zabayeho igihe kingana iki?
Abahanga mu bya paleontolojia bigeze kwemera ko impamvu dinosaure zakuze cyane ari uko zabayeho hagati y’imyaka 100 na 300. Byongeye kandi, kimwe n’ingona, dinosaure zari inyamaswa zikura buhoro buhoro, zikura buhoro buhoro kandi mu buzima bwazo bwose. Ariko ubu tuzi ko atari ko bimeze. Dinosaure nyinshi zakuze vuba cyane kandi zigapfa zikiri nto.
· Ni gute wasuzuma igihe ubuzima bwa dinosaure bumaze?
Muri rusange, dinosaur nini zabayeho igihe kirekire. Igihe dinosaure zimara cyagenwe no kwiga ibisigazwa by'ibinyabuzima. Mu guca amagufwa y'inyamaswa za dinosaure no kubara imirongo y'ibikura, abahanga mu bya siyansi bashobora gupima imyaka ya dinosaure hanyuma bagahanura igihe dinosaure izamara. Twese tuzi ko imyaka y'igiti ishobora kumenyekana urebye impeta zayo. Kimwe n'ibiti, amagufwa ya dinosaure nayo akora "impeta z'ibikura" buri mwaka. Buri mwaka igiti gikura, igiti cyacyo kizakura mu ruziga, rwitwa impeta y'umwaka. Ibyo ni ko bimeze no ku magufwa ya dinosaure. Abahanga mu bya siyansi bashobora kumenya imyaka ya dinosaure biga "impeta z'umwaka" z'ibisigazwa by'amagufwa ya dinosaure.
Binyuze muri ubu buryo, abahanga mu bya paleontology bavuga ko igihe cyo kubaho cya Velociraptor ntoya cyari imyaka 10 gusa; icya Triceratops cyari imyaka 20; kandi ko umutware wa dinosaur, Tyrannosaurus rex, byatwaye imyaka 20 kugira ngo bigere ku bukuru kandi akenshi byapfaga hagati y'imyaka 27 na 33. Carcharodontosaurus ifite igihe cyo kubaho kiri hagati y'imyaka 39 na 53; dinosaur nini z'ibimera zirya inyama, nka Brontosaurus na Diplodocus, bifata imyaka 30 kugeza kuri 40 kugira ngo bigere ku bukuru, bityo bashobora kubaho imyaka iri hagati ya 70 na 100.
Ubuzima bwa dinosaure busa n'aho butandukanye cyane n'ibyo dutekereza. Ni gute dinosaure zidasanzwe nk'izi zashoboraga kugira ubuzima busanzwe nk'ubu? Hari inshuti zishobora kwibaza ziti, ni ibihe bintu bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa dinosaure? Ni iki cyatumye dinosaure zibaho imyaka mike gusa?
· Kuki dinosaure zitabayeho igihe kirekire cyane?
Ikintu cya mbere bigira ingaruka ku buzima bwa dinosaur ni metabolism. Muri rusange, endotherms zifite metabolism nyinshi zibaho igihe gito kurusha ectotherms zifite metabolism nke. Babonye ibi, inshuti zishobora kuvuga ko dinosaures ari inyamaswa zikururuka, kandi inyamaswa zikururuka zigomba kuba inyamaswa zifite amaraso akonje kandi ziramba. Mu by'ukuri, abahanga mu bya siyansi basanze dinosaures nyinshi ari inyamaswa zifite amaraso ashyushye, bityo urwego rwo hejuru rwa metabolisme rwagabanyije igihe cyo kubaho cya dinosaures.
Icya kabiri, ibidukikije byagize ingaruka mbi ku buzima bwa dinosaur. Mu gihe dinosaur zabayeho, nubwo ibidukikije byari bikwiriye ko dinosaur zibamo, byari bikiri bibi ugereranije n'isi ya none: ingano ya ogisijeni mu kirere, ingano ya ogisijeni ya sulfur mu kirere no mu mazi, ndetse n'ingano y'imirasire ituruka mu isanzure byose byari bitandukanye n'iby'uyu munsi. Ubuzima bubi nk'ubwo, hamwe no guhiga no guhiganwa mu buryo bukabije hagati ya dinosaur, byatumye dinosaur nyinshi zipfa mu gihe gito.
Muri rusange, igihe cyo kubaho kwa dinosaure ntabwo ari kirekire nk'uko abantu bose babitekereza. Ni gute igihe nk'icyo cyo kubaho gisanzwe cyatumye dinosaure ziba abatware b'igihe cya Mesozoic, ziganje isi mu gihe cy'imyaka igera kuri miliyoni 140? Ibi bisaba ubushakashatsi bwiyongereye bukorwa n'abahanga mu bya paleontology.
Kawah Dinosaur Urubuga rwemewe:www.kawahdinosaur.com
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-23-2023